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Intentions of Diarist
What to Consider When Using a Diary as Historical Source
The intentions, conscious or subconscious, of the diary writer determine the ways views and events are recorded, and the light under which the diarist presents him or herself. People have different public and private selves and this should be born in mind when diaries are used for histo
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It may well be that the diarist's account is the only or one of the few historical sources pertaining to a particular historical event. For example, Samuel Pepys account of the Great Fire of London in 1666 is one of the few that survive.
As with any historical text or historical source, a diary is a version of "what happened". The historical researcher should consider the structure of the narrative and its associations. As a text essentially private the diary may turn into a memoir and the diarist often employs literary techniques and expressions. Entries pertaining to emotional states may be lengthy, others pertaining to "historical events" very short. The "time" of a diary is often not linear as the diarist often jumps from past to present and vice versa.
Another important question that should be asked when using diaries as primary sources is the intention of the diarist. Is the diary written strictly for oneself and intended to be kept private? Is it meant as a record that may one day become public and the diarist anticipates that it may one day be read by others?
Often diaries are edited and abridged to suit the needs of the time they are published. For example Mary Boykin Chesnut's Civil War diary had been considerably altered by editors [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], having entire passages removed and whole other passages invented. Samuel Pepys diary was written in shorthand for secrecy purposes; its extraordinary length made it necessary for abridged versions to be published.
Is the Diary Written during a Major Historical Event
As pleasant as they are to read, diaries and the information they provide are often difficult to interpret. Some issues to consider when using diaries for historical research:
Is the Diary Complete and Genuine?
The chronology covered by a diary should be considered when using diaries for historical research. Consider surveying the diary in its entirety to plot entries coinciding with major historical events. The story told by the diarist may well run parallel to a conflict or other event and provide valuable insights. The diary of Anne Frank is one such example.
Was the diarist a famous historical personage or an unknown? Was the diarist a participant in some major historical events, such as the Civil War in America or the Second World War? It is important to find out the diarist's gender [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], social class or social circumstances and profession so as to be able to place the historical text in context.
Who Wrote the Diary
Authenticity issues should also be considered. Is the diary genuine? Some diaries [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such those allegedly written by Mussolini and Hitler, were proven to be forgeries.
Subjectivity of Diaries
Diaries are personal monologues written by individuals in moments of inspiration, in times of hardship or as part of a daily routine. Diary writing is part of the western European and American culture. With roots in Christian circles, diaries developed in the 19th century to be platforms of self-examination, personal emotion and self-discovery. Diarists record personal and family events but also events that happen in the world around them. As such diaries are very useful in historical research.
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