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Men and boys, with their buckets, were expected to take part if needed in the bucket lines. There were two such lines for each engine, both leading to and from a well or some other source of water. The men formed up the "wet" line--passing buckets full of water from the well to the engine and dumping the water into the wooden box. The boys formed the dry line,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which sent the empty buckets back to the well.
Other equipment for fighting fires included ladders, fire hooks for pulling down structures, and long poles with wet rags
Read on
The Great Fire of Edinburgh of 1824
Jacksonville Fire Museum
Firefighting Equipment Before the 19th Century
Fighting fires was everyone's business in colonial Boston. With many structures clad in cedar shingles, a single small fire, if not quickly contained, could destroy great portions of the town, as happened often enough.
Each company also elected a fire ward. The fire ward could order ordinary townspeople to provide assistance at fires. Patriot leader Samuel Adams and John Hancock both served as fire wards in 1766.
When the churchbells sounded, people throughout the town would come out into the streets to see where the fire was and if help was needed. This was one reason the streets were so crowded on the fateful night of March 5, 1770, the night of the Boston Massacre. Someone started ringing the churchbells,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], people came out to see where the fire was. As it turned outm there was none. But many people gathered on King Street (now State Street), where the fatal confrontation took place.
Churchbells were Fire Alarms
Fire companies did not fight fires by themselves. Men and boys from every household were expected to be available to help out. By law, every household was supposed to have a fire bucket to take to fire scenes. Many of these these leather buckets bore a family crest or the family name. This was practical so they could be identified and returned to the owner after the fire. It was common for people to have a sturdy canvas bag stuffed in the fire bucket. This was intended to be used to quickly stash and carry away valuables in case of fire.
Ladders,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hooks, Poles with Wet Rags
The engine itself was really a wooden box with a pump and a hose. When responding to a fire,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the company would carry this wooden tub to the fire scene. Bucket lines would be set up to fill the tub with water. Some men would power the hand-operated pump while others would direct the hose. The company first on the scene of a fire earned a cash reward.
At the first sign of fire, churchbells would ring. This would be a signal for the volunteer engine companies to spring into action. In 1743, Boston had eight such companies, each with a captain and 11 to 18 men. These companies were like fraternal clubs. Each company met regularly to "exercise" its engine, but also presumably to trade gossip and smoke a pipe or two with friends. A man could gain some status with membership. John Adams, in 1774 wrote: "It is some importance in Boston to belong to a Fire Clubb and to choose and get admitted to a good one." For example, membership in such a company appears to have helped lift Ebenezer Mackintosh, a poor and obscure shoemaker, into a position of leadership among street mobs in the time of the Stamp Act crisis.
The companies adopted names, such as Old Prison Engine 7, Hero Engine 6, and Old North Engine 3. Companies each had an engine master who was responsible for keeping the engine in order, who recommended new members for the company, and who wore a distinctive leather cap. The engine master was also exempt from duties in the town militia or as a town watchman.
Fire Engines were Carried, Fed by Bucket Lines
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