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At age 20, the son of a prominent physician in Mt. Lebanon (present-day Lebanon) became Persia's (present-day Iran) Consul to Turkey primarily because of his advanced education and having been raised in in an intellectual family.
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The Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957
Anton MaronFouad Al-ShemaliShafik PasiourAdib Kashaami
About this same time Jabbour was removed as consul but chose to remain living in Cairo, writing under a pen name, Mohamed Sadeek Anter Al-Massri and authored several columns and booklets written in populist dialect of the times. Also, he translated Carlos Raboport's book, Summary of the Socialist Principles,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], adding his own introduction and an epilogue.
One early group he joined was 'Lebanon the Young' composed of other Lebanese revolutionaries living in Cairo. Among them:
In 1923 the Socialist Party in Egypt became known as the Egyptian Communist Party. Maron would later be jailed and starve to death while on hunger strike. Jabbour would become a central committee member of the party on October 6, 1924, the same day Egyptian courts sentenced several other prominent leaders of the group to lengthy prison terms.
Egyptian Socialist Party Becomes Egyptian Communist Party
Jabbour was employed in 1912 in a diplomatic role because of his aristocratic heritage according to Dr. Refaat Al-Saeed in Enlightenment Through a Needle's Eye in May, 1999,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as described in Unsung Hero to Lawrence of Arabia & King Feisal. Little, it seems, did anybody comprehend just how dedicated the young idealist was on behalf of oppressed working people of the day, nor that his devotion to them would lead to his becoming a central leader of communism's efforts to gain a foothold in the Middle East.
Despite Family's Prominence, Jabbour Worked as Communist Revolutionary for Workers
In 1919, as Egyptian nationalists were rebelling against British occupation violence cropped up in several areas of the country then nominally governed by Sultan Fouad. Writing from exile, nationalist leader Saad Zaghloul advised Abdel Rahman Fahmi,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "We mustn't indulge in anything prohibited by the British authority."
From Consul to Turkey Thence Consul to Egypt
Second Notable Effort Ended in
Jabbour's first opportunity probably became his most successful effort in wresting freedom for Arabian peoples in Ottoman-controlled Middle East when he fulfilled Sherif Husein Ibn Ali's request to gain Feisal's freedom so he Feisal could, with T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia's) assistance and advice, lead a guerrilla-style siege upon Ottoman troops.
Probably many people in the mandated Arabian territories felt betrayed and disillusioned when their freedom from the Ottoman's became their control by France or Britain. Certainly, Jabbour, while on assignment from Persia to Egypt during WWI and after became disgruntled and miffed with Egypt's king for his allegiance to Britain. Thus, over the next few years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jabbour became increasingly enmeshed in Egyptian nationalist movements.
Unlike the four others, Jabbour was still a diplomat. The five also became founding members, in 1921, of the Egyptian Socialist Party.
Britain decided to appoint a committee, Milner's Committee, to find out what the Egyptian people wanted. To avoid splintering among the various groups composing the nationalists, Jabbour wrote in an article in Al-Nezzam newspaper for Egyptians to avoid any contact with Milner's Committee. In effect, they were to reply, "Ask Zaghoul," when questioned as to what it was Egyptians wanted.
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