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Chaleff said cigar parties were “just kind of FYI events” for Bilbray in which someone would say, “‘hey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], by the way, this is going on tonight if you want to stop by.’” Asked whether he personally attended the rooftop party,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Chaleff recalled being there. He said he did not, however, remember if Bilbray or Kline were at that soirée.
“We certainly don’t monitor the social lives of staff,” he said. Chaleff said Bilbray declined to be interviewed for this story. In July,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Bilbray’s democratic challenger in the November election,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Francine Busby, called for the Office of Congressional Ethics to investigate whether lobbyist involvement in the club violated ethics rules.
A spokesman for the ethics office said it doesn’t confirm or deny the existence of any investigation. Craig Holman, an expert in government ethics and lobbyist for Public Citizen, a nonprofit government watchdog,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said clubs like the cigar association “are supposed to be just members of Congress and congressional staff getting together when they want to discuss pertinent issues.”
“If Congressman Bilbray has turned it into a lobbying entity, that would be a very obvious and egregious violation of ethics rules,” Holman said. When responding to the anti-smoking issue, he bluntly said that too much effort on banning smoking is likely to have an adverse impact on social stability.
And the Tobacco Bureau is indeed thinking big. Within days of the Ministry of Health’s press release, the Bureau issued its own press release about a blueprint of the industry’s growth in the next five years. In it, it says that China needs to establish 12 leading cigarette brands with a combined revenue exceeding 700 billion yuan. The case of smoking bans in public does not need to be argued.
The health risks of second-hand smoke are a matter of scientific consensus, and these risks manifest in the same way as on the smokers themselves. For example, a 2004 study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization concluded that nonsmokers are exposed to the same carcinogens as active smokers.
In order for the enforcement of smoking bans to have teeth, the effort has to come from the top. The campaign needs to start from the State Council,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or better still, be written into law by the National People’s Congress. Separately,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], researchers are also examining whether cell phone use increases the risk of tumors in the ear’s acoustic nerve and the parotid gland, where saliva is produced.
Another study will look into the effects of cell phone use on children, who are believed to be more susceptible to the effects of radiation. “Until stronger conclusions can be drawn one way or another it may be reasonable to reduce one’s exposure,” said Cardis. One way to do this would be to make calls using a handsfree device. “It can’t hurt,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” she said.